Arrangement for evolving distillation gases in vertical retorts



J. PIETERS. ARRANGEMEN'I FOR EVOLVING DISTILLATION GASES IN- VERTICAL RETORTS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY I920. 1,412,629. Patented p 11, 1922.

I 2 SHhEIF ISEE I.

IN EN TO? UL/EN PIETERS JULIEN PIE'IEBS, 0F PARIS, FRANCE.

ARRANGEMENT FOR EVOLVING DISTILLA'IION GASm IN VERTICAL RETORTS,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 11, 1922.

Application filed July 1, 1920. Serial No. 393,293.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JULIEN Pm'rERs, a subject of the King of Belgium, and a resident of 12, Rue de La Rochefoucauld, Paris, France, have invented new and useful Improvements in Arrangements for Evolving Distillation Gases in Vertical Retorts, of which the following is a specification.

The present invention relates to an arrangement for the evolution of the ases of distillation in vertical retorts of re atively great height, in which fine materials such as coal not easily permeable by the gas are treated. In this case the evolution of the gas through the mass of coal is comparatively diiiicult inasmuch as the suction of the exhausting apparatus is unable to exert its effect as far down as the bottom of the retort or even beyond a certaindepth. The

gases from the lower part of the retort be- A first portion, comprising all the water vapour and a low proportion of combustible gas, is evolved at a temperature lower than that of the coking zone proper, in which the mass acquires a' semi-liquid consistency, very impermeable to the gases and said portion of the gases clears a passa e through the mass of coal, up to the top 0% the retort wh'efi it is easily exhausted by suction.

The second portion, which is formed in the lower part of the retort and comprises the great majority of the combustible gas is practically unable to pass through the coking zone, but is exhausted at different points in the height of the retort.

When, as in the case represented in the drawings, the retort is of great height, the evolution of gas at the top takes place through a fairly large number of openings distributed over the length of the retort and connected to a collecting main parallelto the axis of the retort but on one side of the same. This collector may rest directly upon the brickwork thus forming the upper wall of the retort..

This arrangement offers the advantage of facilitating cleaning of the gas-escape openings by means of manholes suitably formed in the top of the collecting main.

The extraction of gas from the vertical part of the retort takes place in this case at the two ends which are unheated and therefore readily accessible.

In the annexed drawings Figure 1 is a vertical section on the axis of a retort provided at its upper portion with a number of openings for the aspiration of gas, and three extraction passages on each of the unheated vertical faces.

Figures 2, 3 and 4 are transverse sections upon lines 22, 3-3 and 4-4 of Figure 1, through a number of vertical retorts arranged to form a battery and separated merely by a heating wall or pier.

The water vapour evolved at the top of each retort A, together with a part of the distillation gas, is aspirated through openings a formed at the top of the heating piers B, and passes into the collecting mains b located in pairs parallel to the retort and above the same; thence it flows into the stand pipcs a connected through a valve (1' to the exhausting main d; a stand-pipe 0 is provided u on the corresponding collector b at each en of the retort A on either side of the chimney 0' through which the material is admitted to the retort.

The greater-portion of the combustible gas is evolved through the pipes 6 arranged in the two vertical unheated faces and at the lower part of the retort, above the level of the coking zone; these pipes are located in a collecting gallery'e and are connected to a vertical main f for each retort, leading to a common exhaustion pipe 9 through a valve 9 for each collecting main 7.

The two exhaustion pipes d and g are themselves connected to a common exhausting conduit which leads to the by-products plant.

What I: claim is:

1. Means for the recovery of distillation gases from vertical retorts, comprising a large number of openings on the same level in the upper area of the retort, to collect a portion of the gas consisting of the water vapor and a small part of the combustible as, in combination with openings located at ifi'erent levels in the lower portions of the retort to collect the greater part of the combustible gas.

2. Means for the recovery of distillation gases from vertical retorts, comprising a large number of openings on the same level in the upper area of the retort, arranged in two series arallel to the longitudinal axis of the retort t hroughout its length, and two collecting mains parallel to the longitudinal axis of the retort, resting on the upper part of the retort and connected to the said two 

